Commands

$ dolt
Valid commands for dolt are
                init - Create an empty Dolt data repository.
              status - Show the working tree status.
                 add - Add table changes to the list of staged table changes.
                diff - Diff a table.
               reset - Remove table changes from the list of staged table changes.
               clean - Remove untracked tables from working set.
              commit - Record changes to the repository.
                 sql - Run a SQL query against tables in repository.
          sql-server - Start a MySQL-compatible server.
                 log - Show commit logs.
                show - Show information about a specific commit.
              branch - Create, list, edit, delete branches.
            checkout - Checkout a branch or overwrite a table from HEAD.
               merge - Merge a branch.
           conflicts - Commands for viewing and resolving merge conflicts.
         cherry-pick - Apply the changes introduced by an existing commit.
              revert - Undo the changes introduced in a commit.
               clone - Clone from a remote data repository.
               fetch - Update the database from a remote data repository.
                pull - Fetch from a dolt remote data repository and merge.
                push - Push to a dolt remote.
              config - Dolt configuration.
              remote - Manage set of tracked repositories.
              backup - Manage a set of server backups.
               login - Login to a dolt remote host.
               creds - Commands for managing credentials.
                  ls - List tables in the working set.
              schema - Commands for showing and importing table schemas.
               table - Commands for copying, renaming, deleting, and exporting tables.
                 tag - Create, list, delete tags.
               blame - Show what revision and author last modified each row of a table.
         constraints - Commands for handling constraints.
             migrate - Executes a database migration to use the latest Dolt data format.
         read-tables - Fetch table(s) at a specific commit into a new dolt repo
                  gc - Cleans up unreferenced data from the repository.
       filter-branch - Edits the commit history using the provided query.
          merge-base - Find the common ancestor of two commits.
             version - Displays the version for the Dolt binary.
                dump - Export all tables in the working set into a file.
                docs - Commands for working with Dolt documents.
               stash - Stash the changes in a dirty working directory away.
             profile - Manage dolt profiles for CLI global options.
          query-diff - Shows table diff between two queries.
              reflog - Show history of named refs.
              rebase - Reapplies commits on top of another base tip

Global Arguments

Dolt subcommands are in transition to using the flags listed below as global flags. Not all subcommands use these flags. If your command accepts these flags without error, then they are supported.

dolt <--data-dir=<path>> subcommand <subcommand arguments>

Specific dolt options:

--profile=<profile>: The name of the profile to use when executing SQL queries. Run dolt profile --help for more information.

-u <user>, --user=<user>: Defines the local superuser (defaults to root). If the specified user exists, will take on permissions of that user.

-p <password>, --password=<password>: Defines the password for the user. Defaults to empty string when the user is root.

--host=<host>: Defines the host to connect to.

--port=<port>: Defines the port to connect to.

--no-tls: Disables TLS for the connection to remote databases.

--data-dir=<data-dir>: Defines a data directory whose subdirectories should all be dolt data repositories accessible as independent databases. Defaults to the current directory.

--doltcfg-dir=<doltcfg-dir>: Defines a directory that contains configuration files for dolt. Defaults to $data-dir/.doltcfg. Will only be created if there is a change to configuration settings.

--privilege-file=<privilege-file>: Path to a file to load and store users and grants. Defaults to $doltcfg-dir/privileges.db. Will only be created if there is a change to privileges.

--branch-control-file=<branch-control-file>: Path to a file to load and store branch control permissions. Defaults to $doltcfg-dir/branch_control.db. Will only be created if there is a change to branch control permissions.

--use-db=<use-db>: The name of the database to use when executing SQL queries. Defaults the database of the root directory, if it exists, and the first alphabetically if not.

--branch=<branch>: Name of the branch to be selected

`dolt add`

Add table contents to the list of staged tables

Synopsis

dolt add [<table>...]

Description

This command updates the list of tables using the current content found in the working root, to prepare the content staged for the next commit. It adds the current content of existing tables as a whole or remove tables that do not exist in the working root anymore.

This command can be performed multiple times before a commit. It only adds the content of the specified table(s) at the time the add command is run; if you want subsequent changes included in the next commit, then you must run dolt add again to add the new content to the index.

The dolt status command can be used to obtain a summary of which tables have changes that are staged for the next commit.

Arguments and options

<table>: Working table(s) to add to the list tables staged to be committed. The abbreviation '.' can be used to add all tables.

-A, --all: Stages any and all changes (adds, deletes, and modifications) except for ignored tables.

-f, --force: Allow adding otherwise ignored tables.

`dolt backup`

Manage server backups

Synopsis

dolt backup [-v | --verbose]
dolt backup add [--aws-region <region>] [--aws-creds-type <creds-type>] [--aws-creds-file <file>] [--aws-creds-profile <profile>] <name> <url>
dolt backup remove <name>
dolt backup restore [--force] <url> <name>
dolt backup sync <name>
dolt backup sync-url [--aws-region <region>] [--aws-creds-type <creds-type>] [--aws-creds-file <file>] [--aws-creds-profile <profile>] <url>

Description

With no arguments, shows a list of existing backups. Several subcommands are available to perform operations on backups, point in time snapshots of a database's contents.

add Adds a backup named <name> for the database at <url>. The <url> parameter supports url schemes of http, https, aws, gs, and file. The url prefix defaults to https. If the <url> parameter is in the format <organization>/<repository> then dolt will use the backups.default_host from your configuration file (Which will be dolthub.com unless changed). The URL address must be unique to existing remotes and backups.

AWS cloud backup urls should be of the form aws://[dynamo-table:s3-bucket]/database. You may configure your aws cloud backup using the optional parameters aws-region, aws-creds-type, aws-creds-file.

aws-creds-type specifies the means by which credentials should be retrieved in order to access the specified cloud resources (specifically the dynamo table, and the s3 bucket). Valid values are 'role', 'env', or 'file'.

role: Use the credentials installed for the current user
env: Looks for environment variables AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
file: Uses the credentials file specified by the parameter aws-creds-file

GCP backup urls should be of the form gs://gcs-bucket/database and will use the credentials setup using the gcloud command line available from Google.

The local filesystem can be used as a backup by providing a repository url in the format file://absolute path. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_URI_scheme

remove, rm Remove the backup named <name>. All configuration settings for the backup are removed. The contents of the backup are not affected.

restore Restore a Dolt database from a given <url> into a specified directory <name>. This will fail if <name> is already a Dolt database unless '--force' is provided, in which case the existing database will be overwritten with the contents of the restored backup.

sync Snapshot the database and upload to the backup <name>. This includes branches, tags, working sets, and remote tracking refs.

sync-url Snapshot the database and upload the backup to <url>. Like sync, this includes branches, tags, working sets, and remote tracking refs, but it does not require you to create a named backup

Arguments and options

<region>: cloud provider region associated with this backup.

<creds-type>: credential type. Valid options are role, env, and file. See the help section for additional details.

<profile>: AWS profile to use.

-v, --verbose: When printing the list of backups adds additional details.

-f, --force: When restoring a backup, overwrite the contents of the existing database with the same name.

--aws-region

--aws-creds-type

--aws-creds-file: AWS credentials file

--aws-creds-profile: AWS profile to use

`dolt blame`

Show what revision and author last modified each row of a table

Synopsis

dolt blame [<rev>] <tablename>

Description

Annotates each row in the given table with information from the revision which last modified the row. Optionally, start annotating from the given revision.

Arguments and options

No options for this command.

`dolt branch`

List, create, or delete branches

Synopsis

dolt branch [--list] [-v] [-a] [-r]
dolt branch [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]
dolt branch -m [-f] [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>
dolt branch -c [-f] [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>
dolt branch -d [-f] [-r] <branchname>...

Description

If --list is given, or if there are no non-option arguments, existing branches are listed. The current branch will be highlighted with an asterisk. With no options, only local branches are listed. With -r, only remote branches are listed. With -a both local and remote branches are listed. -v causes the hash of the commit that the branches are at to be printed as well.

The command's second form creates a new branch head named <branchname> which points to the current HEAD, or <start-point> if given.

Note that this will create the new branch, but it will not switch the working tree to it; use dolt checkout <newbranch> to switch to the new branch.

With a -m, <oldbranch> will be renamed to <newbranch>. If <newbranch> exists, -f must be used to force the rename to happen.

The -c options have the exact same semantics as -m, except instead of the branch being renamed it will be copied to a new name.

With a -d, <branchname> will be deleted. You may specify more than one branch for deletion.

Arguments and options

<start-point>: A commit that a new branch should point at.

-f, --force: Reset <branchname> to <startpoint>, even if <branchname> exists already. Without -f, dolt branch refuses to change an existing branch. In combination with -d (or --delete), allow deleting the branch irrespective of its merged status. In combination with -m (or --move), allow renaming the branch even if the new branch name already exists, the same applies for -c (or --copy).

-c, --copy: Create a copy of a branch.

-m, --move: Move/rename a branch

-d, --delete: Delete a branch. The branch must be fully merged in its upstream branch.

--D: Shortcut for --delete --force.

-t, --track: When creating a new branch, set up 'upstream' configuration.

--list: List branches

-v, --verbose: When in list mode, show the hash and commit subject line for each head

-a, --all: When in list mode, shows remote tracked branches

--datasets: List all datasets in the database

-r, --remote: When in list mode, show only remote tracked branches. When with -d, delete a remote tracking branch.

--show-current: Print the name of the current branch

`dolt checkout`

Switch branches or restore working tree tables

Synopsis

dolt checkout <branch>
dolt checkout <table>...
dolt checkout -b <new-branch> [<start-point>]
dolt checkout --track <remote>/<branch>

Description

Updates tables in the working set to match the staged versions. If no paths are given, dolt checkout will also update HEAD to set the specified branch as the current branch.

dolt checkout <branch> To prepare for working on <branch>, switch to it by updating the index and the tables in the working tree, and by pointing HEAD at the branch. Local modifications to the tables in the working tree are kept, so that they can be committed to the <branch>.

dolt checkout -b <new_branch> [<start_point>] Specifying -b causes a new branch to be created as if dolt branch were called and then checked out.

dolt checkout <table>... To update table(s) with their values in HEAD

Arguments and options

--b: Create a new branch named <new_branch> and start it at <start_point>.

--B: Similar to '-b'. Forcibly resets the branch to <start_point> if it exists.

-f, --force: If there is any changes in working set, the force flag will wipe out the current changes and checkout the new branch.

-t, --track: When creating a new branch, set up 'upstream' configuration.

`dolt cherry-pick`

Apply the changes introduced by an existing commit.

Synopsis

dolt cherry-pick [--allow-empty] <commit>

Description

Applies the changes from an existing commit and creates a new commit from the current HEAD. This requires your working tree to be clean (no modifications from the HEAD commit).

Cherry-picking merge commits or commits with table drops/renames is not currently supported.

If any data conflicts, schema conflicts, or constraint violations are detected during cherry-picking, you can use Dolt's conflict resolution features to resolve them. For more information on resolving conflicts, see: https://docs.dolthub.com/concepts/dolt/git/conflicts.

Arguments and options

--abort: Abort the current conflict resolution process, and revert all changes from the in-process cherry-pick operation.

--allow-empty: Allow empty commits to be cherry-picked. Note that use of this option only keeps commits that were initially empty. Commits which become empty, due to a previous commit, will cause cherry-pick to fail.

`dolt clean`

Deletes untracked working tables

Synopsis

dolt clean [--dry-run]
dolt clean [--dry-run] <tables>...

Description

dolt clean [--dry-run]

The default (parameterless) form clears the values for all untracked working <tables> .This command permanently deletes unstaged or uncommitted tables.

The --dry-run flag can be used to test whether the clean can succeed without deleting any tables from the current working set.

dolt clean [--dry-run] ...

If <tables> is specified, only those table names are considered for deleting.

Arguments and options

--dry-run: Tests removing untracked tables without modifying the working set.

`dolt clone`

Clone a data repository into a new directory

Synopsis

dolt clone [-remote <remote>] [-branch <branch>]  [--aws-region <region>] [--aws-creds-type <creds-type>] [--aws-creds-file <file>] [--aws-creds-profile <profile>] <remote-url> <new-dir>

Description

Clones a repository into a newly created directory, creates remote-tracking branches for each branch in the cloned repository (visible using <dolt branch -a>), and creates and checks out an initial branch that is forked from the cloned repository's currently active branch.

After the clone, a plain dolt fetch without arguments will update all the remote-tracking branches, and a dolt pull without arguments will in addition merge the remote branch into the current branch.

This default configuration is achieved by creating references to the remote branch heads under <refs/remotes/origin> and by creating a remote named 'origin'.

Arguments and options

--remote: Name of the remote to be added to the cloned database. The default is 'origin'.

-b, --branch: The branch to be cloned. If not specified all branches will be cloned.

--depth: Clone a single branch and limit history to the given commit depth.

--aws-region

--aws-creds-type

--aws-creds-file: AWS credentials file.

--aws-creds-profile: AWS profile to use.

--oss-creds-file: OSS credentials file.

--oss-creds-profile: OSS profile to use.

-u, --user: User name to use when authenticating with the remote. Gets password from the environment variable DOLT_REMOTE_PASSWORD.

--single-branch: Clone only the history leading to the tip of a single branch, either specified by --branch or the remote's HEAD (default).

`dolt commit`

Record changes to the database

Synopsis

dolt commit [options]

Description

Stores the current contents of the staged tables in a new commit along with a log message from the user describing the changes.

The content to be added can be specified by using dolt add to incrementally "add" changes to the staged tables before using the commit command (Note: even modified tables must be "added").

The log message can be added with the parameter -m <msg>. If the <-m> parameter is not provided an editor will be opened where you can review the commit and provide a log message.

The commit timestamp can be modified using the --date parameter. Dates can be specified in the formats <YYYY-MM-DD>, <YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS>, or <YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ07:00> (where <07:00> is the time zone offset)."

Arguments and options

-m, --message: Use the given <msg> as the commit message.

--allow-empty: Allow recording a commit that has the exact same data as its sole parent. This is usually a mistake, so it is disabled by default. This option bypasses that safety. Cannot be used with --skip-empty.

--skip-empty: Only create a commit if there are staged changes. If no changes are staged, the call to commit is a no-op. Cannot be used with --allow-empty.

--date: Specify the date used in the commit. If not specified the current system time is used.

-f, --force: Ignores any foreign key warnings and proceeds with the commit.

--author: Specify an explicit author using the standard A U Thor <author@example.com> format.

-a, --all: Adds all existing, changed tables (but not new tables) in the working set to the staged set.

-A, --ALL: Adds all tables and databases (including new tables) in the working set to the staged set.

--amend: Amend previous commit

`dolt config`

Get and set repository or global options

Synopsis

dolt config [--global|--local] --list
dolt config [--global|--local] --add <name> <value>
dolt config [--global|--local] --set <name> <value>
dolt config [--global|--local] --get <name>
dolt config [--global|--local] --unset <name>...

Description

You can query/set/replace/unset options with this command.

When reading, the values are read from the global and repository local configuration files, and options <--global>, and <--local> can be used to tell the command to read from only that location.

When writing, the new value is written to the repository local configuration file by default, and options <--global>, can be used to tell the command to write to that location (you can say <--local> but that is the default).

Valid configuration variables:

- core.editor - lets you edit 'commit' or 'tag' messages by launching the set editor.
- creds.add_url - sets the endpoint used to authenticate a client for 'dolt login'.
- doltlab.insecure - boolean flag used to authenticate a client against DoltLab.
- init.defaultbranch - allows overriding the default branch name e.g. when initializing a new repository.
- metrics.disabled - boolean flag disables sending metrics when true.
- user.creds - sets user keypairs for authenticating with doltremoteapi.
- user.email - sets name used in the author and committer field of commit objects.
- user.name - sets email used in the author and committer field of commit objects.
- remotes.default_host - sets default host for authenticating with doltremoteapi.
- remotes.default_port - sets default port for authenticating with doltremoteapi.
- push.autoSetupRemote - if set to "true" assume --set-upstream on default push when no upstream tracking exists for the current branch.

Arguments and options

--global: Use global config.

--local: Use repository local config.

--add: Set the value of one or more config parameters

--set: Set the value of one or more config parameters

--list: List the values of all config parameters.

--get: Get the value of one or more config parameters.

--unset: Unset the value of one or more config parameters.

`dolt conflicts cat`

print conflicts

Synopsis

dolt conflicts cat <table>...

Description

The dolt conflicts cat command reads table conflicts from the working set and writes them to the standard output.

Arguments and options

<table>: List of tables to be printed. '.' can be used to print conflicts for all tables.

`dolt conflicts resolve`

Automatically resolves all conflicts taking either ours or theirs for the given tables

Synopsis

dolt conflicts resolve --ours|--theirs <table>...

Description

When a merge finds conflicting changes, it documents them in the dolt_conflicts table. A conflict is between two versions: ours (the rows at the destination branch head) and theirs (the rows at the source branch head).

dolt conflicts resolve will automatically resolve the conflicts by taking either the ours or theirs versions for each row.

Arguments and options

<table>: List of tables to be resolved. '.' can be used to resolve all tables.

--ours: For all conflicts, take the version from our branch and resolve the conflict

--theirs: For all conflicts, take the version from their branch and resolve the conflict

`dolt constraints verify`

Verifies that working set changes satisfy table constraints

Synopsis

dolt constraints verify [--all] [--output-only] [<table>...]

Description

Verifies that inserted or modified rows in the working set satisfy the defined table constraints. If any constraints are violated, they are documented in the dolt_constraint_violations system table. By default, this command does not consider row changes that have been previously committed.

Arguments and options

<table>: The table(s) to check constraints on. If omitted, checks all tables.

-a, --all: Verifies that all rows in the database do not violate constraints instead of just rows modified or inserted in the working set.

-o, --output-only: Disables writing violated constraints to the constraint violations table.

`dolt creds check`

Check authenticating with a credential keypair against a doltremoteapi.

Synopsis

dolt creds check [--endpoint doltremoteapi.dolthub.com:443] [--creds <eak95022q3vskvumn2fcrpibdnheq1dtr8t...>]

Description

Tests calling a doltremoteapi with dolt credentials and reports the authentication result.

Arguments and options

--endpoint: API endpoint, otherwise taken from config.

--creds: Public Key ID or Public Key for credentials, otherwise taken from config.

`dolt creds import`

Import a dolt credential from an existing .jwk file.

Synopsis

dolt creds import [--no-profile] [<jwk_filename>]

Description

Imports a dolt credential from an existing .jwk file.

Dolt credentials are stored in the creds subdirectory of the global dolt config directory as files with one key per file in JWK format. This command can import a JWK from a file or stdin and places the imported key in the correct place for dolt to find it as a valid credential.

This command will set the newly imported credential as the used credential if there are currently not credentials. If this command does use the new credential, it will call doltremoteapi to update user.name and user.email with information from the remote user profile if those fields are not already available in the local dolt config.

Arguments and options

<jwk_filename>: The JWK file. If omitted, import operates on stdin.

--no-profile: If provided, no attempt will be made to contact doltremoteapi and update user.name and user.email.

`dolt creds ls`

List keypairs available for authenticating with doltremoteapi.

Synopsis

dolt creds ls [-v | --verbose]

Description

Lists known public keys from keypairs for authenticating with doltremoteapi.

The currently selected keypair appears with a * next to it.

Arguments and options

-v, --verbose: Verbose output, including key id.

`dolt creds new`

Create a new public/private keypair for authenticating with doltremoteapi.

Synopsis

Description

Creates a new keypair for authenticating with doltremoteapi.

Prints the public portion of the keypair, which can entered into the credentials settings page of dolthub.

Arguments and options

No options for this command.

`dolt creds rm`

Remove a stored public/private keypair.

Synopsis

dolt creds rm <public_key_as_appears_in_ls>

Description

Removes an existing keypair from dolt's credential storage.

Arguments and options

No options for this command.

`dolt creds use`

Select an existing dolt credential for authenticating with doltremoteapi.

Synopsis

dolt creds use <public_key_as_appears_in_ls | public_key_id_as_appears_in_ls>

Description

Selects an existing dolt credential for authenticating with doltremoteapi.

Can be given a credential's public key or key id and will update global dolt config to use the credential when interacting with doltremoteapi.

You can see your available credentials with 'dolt creds ls'.

Arguments and options

No options for this command.

`dolt diff`

Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc

Synopsis

dolt diff [options] [<commit>] [<tables>...]
dolt diff [options] <commit> <commit> [<tables>...]

Description

Show changes between the working and staged tables, changes between the working tables and the tables within a commit, or changes between tables at two commits.

dolt diff [--options] [<tables>...] This form is to view the changes you made relative to the staging area for the next commit. In other words, the differences are what you could tell Dolt to further add but you still haven't. You can stage these changes by using dolt add.

dolt diff [--options] [--merge-base] <commit> [<tables>...] This form is to view the changes you have in your working tables relative to the named <commit>. You can use HEAD to compare it with the latest commit, or a branch name to compare with the tip of a different branch. If --merge-base is given, instead of using <commit>, use the merge base of <commit> and HEAD. dolt diff --merge-base A is equivalent to dolt diff $(dolt merge-base A HEAD) and dolt diff A...HEAD.

dolt diff [--options] [--merge-base] <commit> <commit> [<tables>...] This is to view the changes between two arbitrary commit. If --merge-base is given, use the merge base of the two commits for the "before" side. dolt diff --merge-base A B is equivalent to dolt diff $(dolt merge-base A B) B and dolt diff A...B.

dolt diff [--options] <commit>..<commit> [<tables>...] This is synonymous to the above form (without the ..) to view the changes between two arbitrary commit.

dolt diff [--options] <commit>...<commit> [<tables>...] This is to view the changes on the branch containing and up to the second <commit>, starting at a common ancestor of both <commit>. dolt diff A...B is equivalent to dolt diff $(dolt merge-base A B) B and dolt diff --merge-base A B. You can omit any one of <commit>, which has the same effect as using HEAD instead.

The diffs displayed can be limited to show the first N by providing the parameter --limit N where N is the number of diffs to display.

To filter which data rows are displayed, use --where <SQL expression>. Table column names in the filter expression must be prefixed with from_ or to_, e.g. to_COLUMN_NAME > 100 or from_COLUMN_NAME + to_COLUMN_NAME = 0.

The --diff-mode argument controls how modified rows are presented when the format output is set to tabular. When set to row, modified rows are presented as old and new rows. When set to line, modified rows are presented as a single row, and changes are presented using "+" and "-" within the column. When set to in-place, modified rows are presented as a single row, and changes are presented side-by-side with a color distinction (requires a color-enabled terminal). When set to context, rows that contain at least one column that spans multiple lines uses line, while all other rows use row. The default value is context.

Arguments and options

-d, --data: Show only the data changes, do not show the schema changes (Both shown by default).

-s, --schema: Show only the schema changes, do not show the data changes (Both shown by default).

--stat: Show stats of data changes

--summary: Show summary of data and schema changes

-r, --result-format: How to format diff output. Valid values are tabular, sql, json. Defaults to tabular.

--where: filters columns based on values in the diff. See dolt diff --help for details.

--limit: limits to the first N diffs.

-c, --cached: Show only the staged data changes.

-sk, --skinny: Shows only primary key columns and any columns with data changes.

--merge-base: Uses merge base of the first commit and second commit (or HEAD if not supplied) as the first commit

--diff-mode: Determines how to display modified rows with tabular output. Valid values are row, line, in-place, context. Defaults to context.

-R, --reverse: Reverses the direction of the diff.

--name-only: Only shows table names.

`dolt docs diff`

Diffs Dolt Docs

Synopsis

dolt docs diff <doc>

Description

Diffs Dolt Docs

Arguments and options

<doc>: Dolt doc to be diffed.

`dolt docs print`

Prints Dolt Docs to stdout

Synopsis

dolt docs print <doc>

Description

Prints Dolt Docs to stdout

Arguments and options

<doc>: Dolt doc to be read.

`dolt docs upload`

Uploads Dolt Docs from the file system into the database

Synopsis

dolt docs upload <doc> <file>

Description

Uploads Dolt Docs from the file system into the database

Arguments and options

<doc>: Dolt doc name to be updated in the database.

<file>: file to read Dolt doc from.

`dolt dump`

Export all tables.

Synopsis

dolt dump [-f] [-r <result-format>] [-fn <file_name>]  [-d <directory>] [--batch] [--no-batch] [--no-autocommit] [--no-create-db]

Description

dolt dump dumps all tables in the working set. If a dump file already exists then the operation will fail, unless the --force | -f flag is provided. The force flag forces the existing dump file to be overwritten. The -r flag is used to support different file formats of the dump. In the case of non .sql files each table is written to a separate csv,json or parquet file.

Arguments and options

-r, --result-format: Define the type of the output file. Defaults to sql. Valid values are sql, csv, json and parquet.

-fn, --file-name: Define file name for dump file. Defaults to doltdump.sql.

-d, --directory: Define directory name to dump the files in. Defaults to doltdump/.

-f, --force: If data already exists in the destination, the force flag will allow the target to be overwritten.

--batch: Return batch insert statements wherever possible, enabled by default.

--no-batch: Emit one row per statement, instead of batching multiple rows into each statement.

-na, --no-autocommit: Turn off autocommit for each dumped table. Useful for speeding up loading of output SQL file.

--schema-only: Dump a table's schema, without including any data, to the output SQL file.

--no-create-db: Do not write CREATE DATABASE statements in SQL files.

`dolt fetch`

Download objects and refs from another repository

Synopsis

dolt fetch [<remote>] [<refspec> ...]

Description

Fetch refs, along with the objects necessary to complete their histories and update remote-tracking branches.

By default dolt will attempt to fetch from a remote named origin. The <remote> parameter allows you to specify the name of a different remote you wish to pull from by the remote's name.

When no refspec(s) are specified on the command line, the fetch_specs for the default remote are used.

Arguments and options

--user: User name to use when authenticating with the remote. Gets password from the environment variable DOLT_REMOTE_PASSWORD.

-p, --prune: After fetching, remove any remote-tracking references that don't exist on the remote.

--silent: Suppress progress information.

`dolt filter-branch`

Edits the commit history using the provided query

Synopsis

dolt filter-branch [--all] -q <queries> [<commit>]

Description

Traverses the commit history to the initial commit starting at the current HEAD commit, or a commit you name. Replays all commits, rewriting the history using the provided SQL queries. Separate multiple queries with semicolons. Use the DELIMITER syntax to define stored procedures, triggers, etc.

If a <commit-spec> is provided, the traversal will stop when the commit is reached and rewriting will begin at that commit, or will error if the commit is not found.

If the --branches flag is supplied, filter-branch traverses and rewrites commits for all branches.

If the --all flag is supplied, filter-branch traverses and rewrites commits for all branches and tags.

Arguments and options

-v, --verbose: logs more information

-b, --branches: filter all branches

--apply-to-uncommitted: apply changes to uncommitted tables

-a, --all: filter all branches and tags

-c, --continue: log a warning and continue if any errors occur executing statements

-q, --query: Queries to run, separated by semicolons. If not provided, queries are read from STDIN.

`dolt gc`

Cleans up unreferenced data from the repository.

Synopsis

dolt gc [--shallow]

Description

Searches the repository for data that is no longer referenced and no longer needed.

If the --shallow flag is supplied, a faster but less thorough garbage collection will be performed.

Arguments and options

-s, --shallow: perform a fast, but incomplete garbage collection pass

`dolt init`

Create an empty Dolt data repository

Synopsis

dolt init

Description

This command creates an empty Dolt data repository in the current directory.

Running dolt init in an already initialized directory will fail.

Arguments and options

--name: The name used in commits to this repo. If not provided will be taken from user.name in the global config.

--email: The email address used. If not provided will be taken from user.email in the global config.

--date: Specify the date used in the initial commit. If not specified the current system time is used.

-b, --initial-branch: The branch name used to initialize this database. If not provided will be taken from init.defaultbranch in the global config. If unset, the default initialized branch will be named 'main'.

--new-format: Specify this flag to use the new storage format (DOLT).

--fun

`dolt log`

Show commit logs

Synopsis

dolt log [-n <num_commits>] [<revision-range>] [[--] <table>]

Description

Shows the commit logs

The command takes options to control what is shown and how.

dolt log Lists commit logs from current HEAD when no options provided.

dolt log [<revisions>...] Lists commit logs starting from revision. If multiple revisions provided, lists logs reachable by all revisions.

dolt log [<revisions>...] -- <table> Lists commit logs starting from revisions, only including commits with changes to table.

dolt log <revisionB>..<revisionA> dolt log <revisionA> --not <revisionB> dolt log ^<revisionB> <revisionA> Different ways to list two dot logs. These will list commit logs for revisionA, while excluding commits from revisionB. The table option is not supported for two dot log.

dolt log <revisionB>...<revisionA> dolt log <revisionA> <revisionB> --not $(dolt merge-base <revisionA> <revisionB>) Different ways to list three dot logs. These will list commit logs reachable by revisionA OR revisionB, while excluding commits reachable by BOTH revisionA AND revisionB.

Arguments and options

-n, --number: Limit the number of commits to output.

--min-parents: The minimum number of parents a commit must have to be included in the log.

--merges: Equivalent to min-parents == 2, this will limit the log to commits with 2 or more parents.

--parents: Shows all parents of each commit in the log.

--decorate: Shows refs next to commits. Valid options are short, full, no, and auto

--not: Excludes commits from revision.

--oneline: Shows logs in a compact format.

--stat: Shows the diffstat for each commit.

--graph: Shows the commit graph.

Synopsis

dolt login [--auth-endpoint <endpoint>] [--login-url <url>] [-i | --insecure] [<creds>]

Description

Login into DoltHub or DoltLab using the email in your config so you can pull from private repos and push to those you have permission to.

Arguments and options

<creds>: A specific credential to use for login. If omitted, new credentials will be generated.

-e, --auth-endpoint: Specify the endpoint used to authenticate this client. Must be used with --login-url OR set in the configuration file as creds.add_url

-url, --login-url: Specify the login url where the browser will add credentials.

-i, --insecure: If set, makes insecure connection to remote authentication server

`dolt ls`

List tables

Synopsis

dolt ls [--options] [<commit>]

Description

With no arguments lists the tables in the current working set but if a commit is specified it will list the tables in that commit. If the --verbose flag is provided a row count of the table will also be displayed.

If the --system flag is supplied this will show the dolt system tables which are queryable with SQL.

If the --all flag is supplied both user and system tables will be printed.

Arguments and options

-v, --verbose: show the hash of the table and row count

-s, --system: show system tables

-a, --all: show user and system tables

`dolt merge`

Join two or more development histories together

Synopsis

dolt merge [--squash] <branch>
dolt merge --no-ff [-m message] <branch>
dolt merge --abort

Description

Incorporates changes from the named commits (since the time their histories diverged from the current branch) into the current branch.

The second syntax (<dolt merge --abort>) can only be run after the merge has resulted in conflicts. dolt merge --abort will abort the merge process and try to reconstruct the pre-merge state. However, if there were uncommitted changes when the merge started (and especially if those changes were further modified after the merge was started), dolt merge --abort will in some cases be unable to reconstruct the original (pre-merge) changes. Therefore:

<Warning>: Running dolt merge with non-trivial uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it may leave you in a state that is hard to back out of in the case of a conflict.

Arguments and options

--no-ff: Create a merge commit even when the merge resolves as a fast-forward.

--squash: Merge changes to the working set without updating the commit history

-m, --message: Use the given <msg> as the commit message.

--abort: Abort the in-progress merge and return the working set to the state before the merge started.

--commit: Perform the merge and commit the result. This is the default option, but can be overridden with the --no-commit flag. Note that this option does not affect fast-forward merges, which don't create a new merge commit, and if any merge conflicts or constraint violations are detected, no commit will be attempted.

--no-commit: Perform the merge and stop just before creating a merge commit. Note this will not prevent a fast-forward merge; use the --no-ff arg together with the --no-commit arg to prevent both fast-forwards and merge commits.

--no-edit: Use an auto-generated commit message when creating a merge commit. The default for interactive CLI sessions is to open an editor.

--author: Specify an explicit author using the standard A U Thor <author@example.com> format.

`dolt merge-base`

Find the common ancestor of two commits.

Synopsis

dolt merge-base <commit spec> <commit spec>

Description

Find the common ancestor of two commits, and return the ancestor's commit hash.'

Arguments and options

No options for this command.

`dolt profile`

Manage dolt profiles for CLI global options.

Synopsis

dolt profile [-v | --verbose]
dolt profile add [-u <user>] [-p <password>] [--host <host>] [--port <port>] [--no-tls] [--data-dir <directory>] [--doltcfg-dir <directory>] [--privilege-file <privilege file>] [--branch-control-file <branch control file>] [--use-db <database>] <name>
dolt profile remove <name>

Description

With no arguments, shows a list of existing profiles. Two subcommands are available to perform operations on the profiles.

add Adds a profile named <name>. Returns an error if the profile already exists.

remove, rm Remove the profile named <name>.

Arguments and options

<name>: Defines the name of the profile to add or remove.

-u, --user: Defines the local superuser (defaults to root). If the specified user exists, will take on permissions of that user.

-p, --password: Defines the password for the user. Defaults to empty string when the user is root.

--host: Defines the host to connect to.

--port: Defines the port to connect to.

--no-tls: Disables TLS for the connection to remote databases.

--data-dir: Defines a data directory whose subdirectories should all be dolt data repositories accessible as independent databases. Defaults to the current directory.

--doltcfg-dir: Defines a directory that contains configuration files for dolt. Defaults to $data-dir/.doltcfg. Will only be created if there is a change to configuration settings.

--privilege-file: Path to a file to load and store users and grants. Defaults to $doltcfg-dir/privileges.db. Will only be created if there is a change to privileges.

--branch-control-file: Path to a file to load and store branch control permissions. Defaults to $doltcfg-dir/branch_control.db. Will only be created if there is a change to branch control permissions.

--use-db: The name of the database to use when executing SQL queries. Defaults the database of the root directory, if it exists, and the first alphabetically if not.

--branch: Name of the branch to be selected

-v, --verbose: Includes full details when printing list of profiles.

`dolt pull`

Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch

Synopsis

dolt pull [<remote>, [<remoteBranch>]]

Description

Incorporates changes from a remote repository into the current branch. In its default mode, dolt pull is shorthand for dolt fetch followed by dolt merge <remote>/<branch>.

More precisely, dolt pull runs dolt fetch with the given parameters and calls dolt merge to merge the retrieved branch HEAD into the current branch.

Arguments and options

<remote>: The name of the remote to pull from.

<remoteBranch>: The name of a branch on the specified remote to be merged into the current working set.

--squash: Merge changes to the working set without updating the commit history

--no-ff: Create a merge commit even when the merge resolves as a fast-forward.

-f, --force: Update from the remote HEAD even if there are errors.

--no-edit: Use an auto-generated commit message when creating a merge commit. The default for interactive CLI sessions is to open an editor.

--user: User name to use when authenticating with the remote. Gets password from the environment variable DOLT_REMOTE_PASSWORD.

--silent: Suppress progress information.

`dolt push`

Update remote refs along with associated objects

Synopsis

dolt push [-u | --set-upstream] [<remote>] [<refspec>]

Description

Updates remote refs using local refs, while sending objects necessary to complete the given refs.

When the command line does not specify where to push with the <remote> argument, an attempt is made to infer the remote. If only one remote exists it will be used, if multiple remotes exists, a remote named 'origin' will be attempted. If there is more than one remote, and none of them are named 'origin' then the command will fail and you will need to specify the correct remote explicitly.

When the command line does not specify what to push with <refspec>... then the current branch will be used.

A remote's branch can be deleted by pushing an empty source ref: dolt push origin :branch

When neither the command-line does not specify what to push, the default behavior is used, which corresponds to the current branch being pushed to the corresponding upstream branch, but as a safety measure, the push is aborted if the upstream branch does not have the same name as the local one.

Arguments and options

--user: User name to use when authenticating with the remote. Gets password from the environment variable DOLT_REMOTE_PASSWORD.

-u, --set-upstream: For every branch that is up to date or successfully pushed, add upstream (tracking) reference, used by argument-less dolt pull and other commands.

-f, --force: Update the remote with local history, overwriting any conflicting history in the remote.

--all: Push all branches.

--silent: Suppress progress information.

`dolt query-diff`

Calculates table diff between two queries

Synopsis

dolt query-diff [options] [<query1>] [<query2>]

Description

Will execute two queries and compare the resulting table sets

<query1>: A SQL SELECT query to be executed.

<query2>: A SQL SELECT query to be executed.

Note

Query diff is performed brute force and thus, will be slow for large result sets. The algorithm is super linear (n^2) on the size of the results sets. Over time, we will optimize this to use features of the storage engine to improve performance.

Arguments and options

No options for this command.

`dolt read-tables`

Fetch table(s) at a specific commit into a new dolt repo

Synopsis

dolt read-tables [--dir <directory>] <remote-url> <commit> [<table>...]

Description

A shallow clone operation will retrieve the state of table(s) from a remote repository at a given commit. Retrieved data is placed into the working state of a newly created local Dolt repository. Changes to the data cannot be submitted back to the remote repository, and the shallow clone cannot be converted into a regular clone of a repository.

Arguments and options

<remote-repo>: Remote repository to retrieve data from

<commit>: Branch or commit hash representing a point in time to retrieve tables from

<table>: Optional tables to retrieve. If omitted, all tables are retrieved.

-d, --dir: directory to create and put retrieved table data.

`dolt rebase`

Reapplies commits on top of another base tip

Synopsis

dolt rebase (-i | --interactive) [--empty=drop|keep] <upstream>
dolt rebase (--continue | --abort)

Description

Rewrites commit history for the current branch by replaying commits, allowing the commits to be reordered, squashed, or dropped. The commits included in the rebase plan are the commits reachable by the current branch, but NOT reachable from the branch specified as the argument when starting a rebase (also known as the upstream branch). This is the same as Git and Dolt's "two dot log" syntax, or |upstreamBranch|..|currentBranch|.

Rebasing is useful to clean and organize your commit history, especially before merging a feature branch back to a shared branch. For example, you can drop commits that contain debugging or test changes, or squash or fixup small commits into a single commit, or reorder commits so that related changes are adjacent in the new commit history.

Arguments and options

--empty: How to handle commits that are not empty to start, but which become empty after rebasing. Valid values are: drop (default) or keep

--abort: Abort an interactive rebase and return the working set to the pre-rebase state

--continue: Continue an interactive rebase after adjusting the rebase plan

-i, --interactive: Start an interactive rebase

`dolt reflog`

Shows a history of named refs

Synopsis

dolt reflog [--all] <ref>

Description

Shows the history of named refs (e.g. branches and tags), which is useful for understanding how a branch or tag changed over time to reference different commits, particularly for information not surfaced through dolt log. The data from Dolt's reflog comes from Dolt's journaling chunk store. This data is local to a Dolt database and never included when pushing, pulling, or cloning a Dolt database. This means when you clone a Dolt database, it will not have any reflog data until you perform operations that change what commit branches or tags reference.

Dolt's reflog is similar to Git's reflog, but there are a few differences:

The Dolt reflog currently only supports named references, such as branches and tags, and not any of Git's special refs (e.g. HEAD, FETCH-HEAD, MERGE-HEAD).
The Dolt reflog can be queried for the log of references, even after a reference has been deleted. In Git, once a branch or tag is deleted, the reflog for that ref is also deleted and to find the last commit a branch or tag pointed to you have to use Git's special HEAD reflog to find the commit, which can sometimes be challenging. Dolt makes this much easier by allowing you to see the history for a deleted ref so you can easily see the last commit a branch or tag pointed to before it was deleted.

Arguments and options

--all: Show all refs, including hidden refs, such as DoltHub workspace refs

`dolt remote`

Manage set of tracked repositories

Synopsis

dolt remote [-v | --verbose]
dolt remote add [--aws-region <region>] [--aws-creds-type <creds-type>] [--aws-creds-file <file>] [--aws-creds-profile <profile>] <name> <url>
dolt remote remove <name>

Description

With no arguments, shows a list of existing remotes. Several subcommands are available to perform operations on the remotes.

add Adds a remote named <name> for the repository at <url>. The command dolt fetch <name> can then be used to create and update remote-tracking branches <name>/<branch>.

The <url> parameter supports url schemes of http, https, aws, gs, and file. The url prefix defaults to https. If the <url> parameter is in the format <organization>/<repository> then dolt will use the remotes.default_host from your configuration file (Which will be dolthub.com unless changed).

AWS cloud remote urls should be of the form aws://[dynamo-table:s3-bucket]/database. You may configure your aws cloud remote using the optional parameters aws-region, aws-creds-type, aws-creds-file.

role: Use the credentials installed for the current user
env: Looks for environment variables AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
file: Uses the credentials file specified by the parameter aws-creds-file

GCP remote urls should be of the form gs://gcs-bucket/database and will use the credentials setup using the gcloud command line available from Google.

The local filesystem can be used as a remote by providing a repository url in the format file://absolute path. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_URI_scheme

remove, rm Remove the remote named <name>. All remote-tracking branches and configuration settings for the remote are removed.

Arguments and options

-v, --verbose: When printing the list of remotes adds additional details.

--aws-region: Cloud provider region associated with this remote.

--aws-creds-type: Credential type. Valid options are role, env, and file. See the help section for additional details.

--aws-creds-file: AWS credentials file

--aws-creds-profile: AWS profile to use

--oss-creds-file: OSS credentials file

--oss-creds-profile: OSS profile to use

`dolt reset`

Resets staged or working tables to HEAD or a specified commit

Synopsis

dolt reset <tables>...
dolt reset [--hard | --soft] <revision>

Description

dolt reset <tables>...

The default form resets the values for all staged <tables> to their values at HEAD. It does not affect the working tree or the current branch.

This means that dolt reset <tables> is the opposite of dolt add <tables>.

After running dolt reset <tables> to update the staged tables, you can use dolt checkout to check the contents out of the staged tables to the working tables.

dolt reset [--hard | --soft] <revision>

This form resets all tables to values in the specified revision (i.e. commit, tag, working set). The --soft option resets HEAD to a revision without changing the current working set. The --hard option resets all three HEADs to a revision, deleting all uncommitted changes in the current working set.

dolt reset .

This form resets all staged tables to their values at HEAD. It is the opposite of dolt add .

Arguments and options

--hard: Resets the working tables and staged tables. Any changes to tracked tables in the working tree since <commit> are discarded.

--soft: Does not touch the working tables, but removes all tables staged to be committed.

`dolt revert`

Undo the changes introduced in a commit

Synopsis

dolt revert <revision>...

Description

Removes the changes made in a commit (or series of commits) from the working set, and then automatically commits the result. This is done by way of a three-way merge. Given a specific commit (e.g. HEAD\~1), this is similar to applying the patch from HEAD\~1..HEAD\~2, giving us a patch of what to remove to effectively remove the influence of the specified commit. If multiple commits are specified, then this process is repeated for each commit in the order specified. This requires a clean working set.

Any conflicts or constraint violations caused by the merge cause the command to fail.

Arguments and options

<revision>: The commit revisions. If multiple revisions are given, they're applied in the order given.

--author: Specify an explicit author using the standard A U Thor <author@example.com> format.

`dolt schema export`

Exports table schemas as SQL DDL statements.

Synopsis

dolt schema export [<table>] [<file>]

Description

Exports table schemas as SQL DDL statements, which can then be executed to recreate tables.

If table is given, only that table's schema will be exported, otherwise all table schemas will be exported.

If file is given, the exported schemas will be written to that file, otherwise they will be written to standard out.

Arguments and options

<table>: table whose schema is being exported.

<file>: the file to which the schema will be exported.

`dolt schema import`

Creates or updates a table by inferring a schema from a file containing sample data.

Synopsis

dolt schema import [--create|--replace] [--force] [--dry-run] [--lower|--upper] [--keep-types] [--file-type <type>] [--float-threshold] [--map <mapping-file>] [--delim <delimiter>]--pks <field>,... <table> <file>

Description

If --create | -c is given the operation will create <table> with a schema that it infers from the supplied file. One or more primary key columns must be specified using the --pks parameter.

If --update | -u is given the operation will update <table> any additional columns, or change the types of columns based on the file supplied. If the --keep-types parameter is supplied then the types for existing columns will not be modified, even if they differ from what is in the supplied file.

If --replace | -r is given the operation will replace <table> with a new, empty table which has a schema inferred from the supplied file but columns tags will be maintained across schemas. --keep-types can also be supplied here to guarantee that types are the same in the file and in the pre-existing table.

A mapping file can be used to map fields between the file being imported and the table's schema being inferred. This can be used when creating a new table, or updating or replacing an existing table.

A mapping file is json in the format:

{
	"source_field_name":"dest_field_name"
	...
}

where source_field_name is the name of a field in the file being imported and dest_field_name is the name of a field in the table being imported to.

In create, update, and replace scenarios the file's extension is used to infer the type of the file. If a file does not have the expected extension then the --file-type parameter should be used to explicitly define the format of the file in one of the supported formats (Currently only csv is supported). For files separated by a delimiter other than a ',', the --delim parameter can be used to specify a delimiter.

If the parameter --dry-run is supplied a sql statement will be generated showing what would be executed if this were run without the --dry-run flag

--float-threshold is the threshold at which a string representing a floating point number should be interpreted as a float versus an int. If FloatThreshold is 0.0 then any number with a decimal point will be interpreted as a float (such as 0.0, 1.0, etc). If FloatThreshold is 1.0 then any number with a decimal point will be converted to an int (0.5 will be the int 0, 1.99 will be the int 1, etc. If the FloatThreshold is 0.001 then numbers with a fractional component greater than or equal to 0.001 will be treated as a float (1.0 would be an int, 1.0009 would be an int, 1.001 would be a float, 1.1 would be a float, etc)

Arguments and options

<table>: Name of the table to be created.

<file>: The file being used to infer the schema.

-c, --create: Create a table with the schema inferred from the <file> provided.

-u, --update: Update a table to match the inferred schema of the <file> provided. All previous data will be lost.

-r, --replace: Replace a table with a new schema that has the inferred schema from the <file> provided. All previous data will be lost.

--dry-run: Print the sql statement that would be run if executed without the flag.

--keep-types: When a column already exists in the table, and it's also in the <file> provided, use the type from the table.

--file-type: Explicitly define the type of the file if it can't be inferred from the file extension.

--pks: List of columns used as the primary key cols. Order of the columns will determine sort order.

-m, --map: A file that can map a column name in <file> to a new value.

--float-threshold: Minimum value at which the fractional component of a value must exceed in order to be considered a float.

--delim: Specify a delimiter for a csv style file with a non-comma delimiter.

`dolt schema show`

Shows the schema of one or more tables.

Synopsis

dolt schema show [<commit>] [<table>...]

Description

dolt schema show displays the schema of tables at a given commit. If no commit is provided the working set will be used.

A list of tables can optionally be provided. If it is omitted all table schemas will be shown.

Arguments and options

<table>: table(s) whose schema is being displayed.

<commit>: commit at which point the schema will be displayed.

`dolt schema tags`

Shows the column tags of one or more tables.

Synopsis

dolt schema tags [-r <result format>] [<table>...]

Description

dolt schema tags displays the column tags of tables on the working set.

A list of tables can optionally be provided. If it is omitted then all tables will be shown. If a given table does not exist, then it is ignored.

Arguments and options

<table>: table(s) whose tags will be displayed.

-r, --result-format: How to format result output. Valid values are tabular, csv, json. Defaults to tabular.

`dolt schema update-tag`

Update the tag of the specified column

Synopsis

dolt schema update-tag <table> <column> <tag>

Description

dolt schema update-tag

Update tag of the specified column. Useful to fix a merge that is throwing a schema tag conflict.

Arguments and options

<table>: The name of the table

<column>: The name of the column

<tag>: The new tag value

`dolt show`

Show information about a specific commit

Synopsis

dolt show [<revision>]

Description

Show information about a specific commit

Arguments and options

--parents: Shows all parents of each commit in the log.

--decorate: Shows refs next to commits. Valid options are short, full, no, and auto

--no-pretty: Show the object without making it pretty.

-d, --data: Show only the data changes, do not show the schema changes (Both shown by default).

-s, --schema: Show only the schema changes, do not show the data changes (Both shown by default).

--stat: Show stats of data changes

--summary: Show summary of data and schema changes

-r, --result-format: How to format diff output. Valid values are tabular, sql, json. Defaults to tabular.

--where: filters columns based on values in the diff. See dolt diff --help for details.

--limit: limits to the first N diffs.

-c, --cached: Show only the staged data changes.

-sk, --skinny: Shows only primary key columns and any columns with data changes.

--merge-base: Uses merge base of the first commit and second commit (or HEAD if not supplied) as the first commit

--diff-mode: Determines how to display modified rows with tabular output. Valid values are row, line, in-place, context. Defaults to context.

`dolt sql`

Runs a SQL query

Synopsis

dolt sql 
dolt sql < script.sql
dolt sql -q <query> [-r <result format>] [-s <name> -m <message>] [-b]
dolt sql -x <name>
dolt sql --list-saved

Description

Runs a SQL query you specify. With no arguments, begins an interactive shell to run queries and view the results. With the -q option, runs the given query and prints any results, then exits.

Multiple SQL statements must be separated by semicolons. Use -b to enable batch mode to speed up large batches of INSERT / UPDATE statements. Pipe SQL files to dolt sql (no -q) to execute a SQL import or update script.

By default this command uses the dolt database in the current working directory. If you would prefer to use a different directory, user the --data-dir <directory> argument before the sql subcommand.

If a server is running for the database in question, then the query will go through the server automatically. If connecting to a remote server is preferred, used the --host <host> and --port <port> global arguments. See 'dolt --help' for more information about global arguments.

Arguments and options

-q, --query: Runs a single query and exits.

-r, --result-format: How to format result output. Valid values are tabular, csv, json, vertical, and parquet. Defaults to tabular.

-s, --save: Used with --query, save the query to the query catalog with the name provided. Saved queries can be examined in the dolt_query_catalog system table.

-x, --execute: Executes a saved query with the given name.

-l, --list-saved: List all saved queries.

-m, --message: Used with --query and --save, saves the query with the descriptive message given. See also --name.

-b, --batch: Use to enable more efficient batch processing for large SQL import scripts. This mode is no longer supported and this flag is a no-op. To speed up your SQL imports, use either LOAD DATA, or structure your SQL import script to insert many rows per statement.

-c, --continue: Continue running queries on an error. Used for batch mode only.

-f, --file: Execute statements from the file given.

`dolt sql-server`

Start a MySQL-compatible server.

Synopsis

dolt sql-server --config <file>
dolt sql-server [-H <host>] [-P <port>] [-u <user>] [-p <password>] [-t <timeout>] [-l <loglevel>] [--data-dir <directory>] [-r]

Description

By default, starts a MySQL-compatible server on the dolt database in the current directory. Databases are named after the directories they appear in.Parameters can be specified using a yaml configuration file passed to the server via --config <file>, or by using the supported switches and flags to configure the server directly on the command line. If --config <file> is provided all other command line arguments are ignored.

This is an example yaml configuration file showing all supported items and their default values:

log_level: info

behavior:
  read_only: false
  autocommit: true
  persistence_behavior: load
  disable_client_multi_statements: false
  dolt_transaction_commit: false
  event_scheduler: "ON"

user:
  name: ""
  password: ""

listener:
  host: localhost
  port: 3306
  max_connections: 100
  read_timeout_millis: 28800000
  write_timeout_millis: 28800000
  tls_key: null
  tls_cert: null
  require_secure_transport: null
  allow_cleartext_passwords: null

performance:
  query_parallelism: null

data_dir: .

cfg_dir: .doltcfg

metrics:
  labels: {}
  host: null
  port: -1

remotesapi: {}

privilege_file: .doltcfg/privileges.db

branch_control_file: .doltcfg/branch_control.db

user_session_vars: []

jwks: []

SUPPORTED CONFIG FILE FIELDS:

data_dir: A directory where the server will load dolt databases to serve, and create new ones. Defaults to the current directory.

cfg_dir: A directory where the server will load and store non-database configuration data, such as permission information. Defaults $data_dir/.doltcfg.

log_level: Level of logging provided. Options are: trace, debug, info, warning, error, and fatal.

privilege_file: "Path to a file to load and store users and grants. Defaults to $doltcfg-dir/privileges.db. Will be created as needed.

branch_control_file: Path to a file to load and store branch control permissions. Defaults to $doltcfg-dir/branch_control.db. Will be created as needed.

max_logged_query_len: If greater than zero, truncates query strings in logging to the number of characters given.

behavior.read_only: If true database modification is disabled. Defaults to false.

behavior.autocommit: If true every statement is committed automatically. Defaults to true. @@autocommit can also be specified in each session.

behavior.dolt_transaction_commit: If true all SQL transaction commits will automatically create a Dolt commit, with a generated commit message. This is useful when a system working with Dolt wants to create versioned data, but doesn't want to directly use Dolt features such as dolt_commit().

user.name: The username that connections should use for authentication

user.password: The password that connections should use for authentication.

listener.host: The host address that the server will run on. This may be localhost or an IPv4 or IPv6 address

listener.port: The port that the server should listen on

listener.max_connections: The number of simultaneous connections that the server will accept

listener.read_timeout_millis: The number of milliseconds that the server will wait for a read operation

listener.write_timeout_millis: The number of milliseconds that the server will wait for a write operation

listener.require_secure_transport: Boolean flag to turn on TLS/SSL transport

listener.tls_cert: The path to the TLS certicifcate used for secure transport

listener.tls_key: The path to the TLS key used for secure transport

remotesapi.port: A port to listen for remote API operations on. If set to a positive integer, this server will accept connections from clients to clone, pull, etc. databases being served.

remotesapi.read_only: Boolean flag which disables the ability to perform pushes against the server.

system_variables: A map of system variable name to desired value for all system variable values to override.

user_session_vars: A map of user name to a map of session variables to set on connection for each session.

cluster: Settings related to running this server in a replicated cluster. For information on setting these values, see https://docs.dolthub.com/sql-reference/server/replication

If a config file is not provided many of these settings may be configured on the command line.

Arguments and options

--config: When provided configuration is taken from the yaml config file and all command line parameters are ignored.

-H, --host: Defines the host address that the server will run on. Defaults to localhost.

-P, --port: Defines the port that the server will run on. Defaults to 3306.

-u, --user: Defines the server user. Defaults to ``. This should be explicit if desired.

-p, --password: Defines the server password. Defaults to ``.

-t, --timeout: Defines the timeout, in seconds, used for connections A value of 0 represents an infinite timeout. Defaults to 28800000.

-r, --readonly: Disable modification of the database.

-l, --loglevel: Defines the level of logging provided Options are: trace, debug, info, warning, error, fatal. Defaults to info.

--data-dir: Defines a directory to find databases to serve. Defaults to the current directory.

--multi-db-dir: Deprecated, use --data-dir instead.

--doltcfg-dir: Defines a directory that contains non-database storage for dolt. Defaults to $data-dir/.doltcfg. Will be created automatically as needed.

--no-auto-commit: Set @@autocommit = off for the server.

--query-parallelism: Deprecated, no effect in current versions of Dolt

--max-connections: Set the number of connections handled by the server. Defaults to 100.

--persistence-behavior: Indicate whether to load or ignore persisted global variables. Defaults to load.

--privilege-file: Path to a file to load and store users and grants. Defaults to $doltcfg-dir/privileges.db. Will be created as needed.

--branch-control-file: Path to a file to load and store branch control permissions. Defaults to $doltcfg-dir/branch_control.db. Will be created as needed.

--allow-cleartext-passwords: Allows use of cleartext passwords. Defaults to false.

--socket: Path for the unix socket file. Defaults to '/tmp/mysql.sock'.

--remotesapi-port: Sets the port for a server which can expose the databases in this sql-server over remotesapi, so that clients can clone or pull from this server.

--remotesapi-readonly: Disable writes to the sql-server via the push operations. SQL writes are unaffected by this setting.

--golden: Provides a connection string to a MySQL instance to be used to validate query results

--event-scheduler: Determines whether the Event Scheduler is enabled and running on the server. It has one of the following values: 'ON', 'OFF' or 'DISABLED'.

`dolt stash`

Stash the changes in a dirty working directory away.

Synopsis

dolt stash 
dolt stash list
dolt stash pop <stash>
dolt stash clear
dolt stash drop <stash>

Description

Use dolt stash when you want to record the current state of the working directory and the index, but want to go back to a clean working directory.

The command saves your local modifications away and reverts the working directory to match the HEAD commit. The stash entries that are saved away can be listed with 'dolt stash list'.

Arguments and options

-u, --include-untracked: Untracked tables are also stashed.

-a, --all: All tables are stashed, including untracked and ignored tables.

`dolt stash clear`

Remove all the stash entries.

Synopsis

dolt stash clear

Description

Removes all the stash entries from the current stash list. This command cannot be reverted and stash entries may not be recoverable.

This command does not apply the stash on current working directory, use 'dolt stash pop' to apply a stash on current working directory.

Arguments and options

No options for this command.

`dolt stash drop`

Remove a single stash entry.

Synopsis

dolt stash drop <stash>

Description

Removes a single stash entry at given index from the list of stash entries (e.g. 'dolt stash drop stash@{1}' will drop the stash entry at index 1 in the stash list).

This command does not apply the stash on current working directory, use 'dolt stash pop' to apply a stash on current working directory.

Arguments and options

No options for this command.

`dolt stash list`

List the stash entries that you currently have.

Synopsis

dolt stash list

Description

Each stash entry is listed with its name (e.g. stash@{0} is the latest entry, stash@{1} is the one before, etc.), the name of the branch that was current when the entry was made, and a short description of the commit the entry was based on.

Arguments and options

No options for this command.

`dolt stash pop`

Remove a single stash from the stash list and apply it on top of the current working set.

Synopsis

dolt stash pop <stash>

Description

Apply a single stash at given index and drop that stash entry from the stash list (e.g. 'dolt stash pop stash@{1}' will apply and drop the stash entry at index 1 in the stash list).

Applying the stash entry can fail with conflicts; in this case, the stash entry is not removed from the stash list. You need to resolve the conflicts by hand and call dolt stash drop manually afterwards.

Arguments and options

No options for this command.

`dolt status`

Show the working status

Synopsis

dolt status

Description

Displays working tables that differ from the current HEAD commit, tables that differ from the staged tables, and tables that are in the working tree that are not tracked by dolt. The first are what you would commit by running dolt commit; the second and third are what you could commit by running dolt add . before running dolt commit.

Arguments and options

--ignored: Show tables that are ignored (according to dolt_ignore)

`dolt table cp`

Makes a copy of a table

Synopsis

dolt table cp [-f] <oldtable> <newtable>

Description

The dolt table cp command makes a copy of a table at a given commit. If a commit is not specified the copy is made of the table from the current working set.

If a table exists at the target location this command will fail unless the --force|-f flag is provided. In this case the table at the target location will be overwritten with the copied table.

All changes will be applied to the working tables and will need to be staged using dolt add and committed using dolt commit.

Arguments and options

<oldtable>: The table being copied.

<newtable>: The destination where the table is being copied to.

-f, --force: If data already exists in the destination, the force flag will allow the target to be overwritten.

`dolt table export`

Export the contents of a table to a file.

Synopsis

dolt table export [-f] [-pk <field>] [-schema <file>] [-map <file>] [-continue] [-file-type <type>] <table> <file>

Description

dolt table export will export the contents of <table> to <|file>

See the help for dolt table import as the options are the same.

Arguments and options

<table>: The table being exported.

<file>: The file being output to.

-f, --force: If data already exists in the destination, the force flag will allow the target to be overwritten.

--file-type: Explicitly define the type of the file if it can't be inferred from the file extension.

`dolt table import`

Imports data into a dolt table

Synopsis

dolt table import -c [-f] [--pk <field>] [--all-text] [--schema <file>] [--map <file>] [--continue]  [--quiet] [--disable-fk-checks] [--file-type <type>] <table> <file>
dolt table import -u [--map <file>] [--continue] [--quiet] [--file-type <type>] <table> <file>
dolt table import -a [--map <file>] [--continue] [--quiet] [--file-type <type>] <table> <file>
dolt table import -r [--map <file>] [--file-type <type>] <table> <file>

Description

If --create-table | -c is given the operation will create <table> and import the contents of file into it. If a table already exists at this location then the operation will fail, unless the --force | -f flag is provided. The force flag forces the existing table to be overwritten.

The schema for the new table can be specified explicitly by providing a SQL schema definition file, or will be inferred from the imported file. All schemas, inferred or explicitly defined must define a primary key. If the file format being imported does not support defining a primary key, then the --pk parameter must supply the name of the field that should be used as the primary key. If no primary key is explicitly defined, the first column in the import file will be used as the primary key.

If --update-table | -u is given the operation will update <table> with the contents of file. The table's existing schema will be used, and field names will be used to match file fields with table fields unless a mapping file is specified.

If --append-table | -a is given the operation will add the contents of the file to <table>, without modifying any of the rows of <table>. If the file contains a row that matches the primary key of a row already in the table, the import will be aborted unless the --continue flag is used (in which case that row will not be imported.) The table's existing schema will be used, and field names will be used to match file fields with table fields unless a mapping file is specified.

If --replace-table | -r is given the operation will replace <table> with the contents of the file. The table's existing schema will be used, and field names will be used to match file fields with table fields unless a mapping file is specified.

If the schema for the existing table does not match the schema for the new file, the import will be aborted by default. To overwrite both the table and the schema, use -c -f.

A mapping file can be used to map fields between the file being imported and the table being written to. This can be used when creating a new table, or updating or replacing an existing table.

During import, if there is an error importing any row, the import will be aborted by default. Use the --continue flag to continue importing when an error is encountered. You can add the --quiet flag to prevent the import utility from printing all the skipped rows.

A mapping file is json in the format:

{
	"source_field_name":"dest_field_name"
	...
}

where source_field_name is the name of a field in the file being imported and dest_field_name is the name of a field in the table being imported to.

The expected JSON input file format is:

{ "rows":
	[
		{
			"column_name":"value"
			...
		}, ...
	]
}

where column_name is the name of a column of the table being imported and value is the data for that column in the table.

In create, update, and replace scenarios the file's extension is used to infer the type of the file. If a file does not have the expected extension then the --file-type parameter should be used to explicitly define the format of the file in one of the supported formats (csv, psv, json, xlsx). For files separated by a delimiter other than a ',' (type csv) or a '|' (type psv), the --delim parameter can be used to specify a delimiter

Arguments and options

<table>: The new or existing table being imported to.

<file>: The file being imported. Supported file types are csv, psv, and nbf.

-c, --create-table: Create a new table, or overwrite an existing table (with the -f flag) from the imported data.

-u, --update-table: Update an existing table with the imported data.

-a, --append-table: Require that the operation will not modify any rows in the table.

-r, --replace-table: Replace existing table with imported data while preserving the original schema.

-f, --force: If a create operation is being executed, data already exists in the destination, the force flag will allow the target to be overwritten.

--continue: Continue importing when row import errors are encountered.

--quiet: Suppress any warning messages about invalid rows when using the --continue flag.

--disable-fk-checks: Disables foreign key checks.

-s, --schema: The schema for the output data.

-m, --map: A file that lays out how fields should be mapped from input data to output data.

-pk, --pk: Explicitly define the name of the field in the schema which should be used as the primary key.

--file-type: Explicitly define the type of the file if it can't be inferred from the file extension.

--delim: Specify a delimiter for a csv style file with a non-comma delimiter.

--all-text: Treats all fields as text. Can only be used when creating a table.

`dolt table mv`

Renames a table

Synopsis

dolt table mv [-f] <oldtable> <newtable>

Description

The dolt table mv command will rename a table. If a table exists with the target name this command will fail unless the --force|-f flag is provided. In that case the table at the target location will be overwritten by the table being renamed.

The result is equivalent of running dolt table cp <old> <new> followed by dolt table rm <old>, resulting in a new table and a deleted table in the working set. These changes can be staged using dolt add and committed using dolt commit.

Arguments and options

<oldtable>: The table being moved.

<newtable>: The new name of the table

-f, --force: If data already exists in the destination, the force flag will allow the target to be overwritten.

`dolt table rm`

Removes table(s) from the working set of tables.

Synopsis

dolt table rm <table>...

Description

dolt table rm removes table(s) from the working set. These changes can be staged using dolt add and committed using dolt commit

Arguments and options

<table>: The table to remove

`dolt tag`

Create, list, delete tags.

Synopsis

dolt tag [-v]
dolt tag [-m <message>] <tagname> [<ref>]
dolt tag -d <tagname>

Description

If there are no non-option arguments, existing tags are listed.

The command's second form creates a new tag named <tagname> which points to the current HEAD, or <ref> if given. Optionally, a tag message can be passed using the -m option.

With a -d, <tagname> will be deleted.

Arguments and options

<ref>: A commit ref that the tag should point at.

-m, --message: Use the given <msg> as the tag message.

-v, --verbose: list tags along with their metadata.

-d, --delete: Delete a tag.

--author: Specify an explicit author using the standard A U Thor <author@example.com> format.

`dolt version`

Displays the version for the Dolt binary.

Synopsis

dolt version [--verbose] [--feature]

Description

Displays the version for the Dolt binary.

The out-of-date check can be disabled by running dolt config --global --add versioncheck.disabled true.

Arguments and options

-f, --feature: display the feature version of this repository.

-v, --verbose: display verbose details, including the storage format of this repository.

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Last updated 14 days ago