Indexes

What is a Secondary Index?
A secondary index can be added to any column or set of columns to convert lookup queries involving those columns into indexed lookups. Indexed lookups can be accomplished in constant time (ie. O(1)).
Secondary indexes are stored as separate data structures on disk or in memory. Thus, the use of secondary indexes uses more storage and increases insert and update time.
Secondary indexes are called "secondary" to distinguish them from primary keys which also provide indexed lookups.
How to use Secondary Indexes
Add secondary indexes to columns that are often accessed with a where clause that you would like to return fast. For these columns you will need to tolerate slightly reduced insert and update performance. Additionally, you should have the disk space available to store the indexes.
You create indexes using the CREATE INDEX SQL statement.
Difference between MySQL Secondary Indexes and Dolt Secondary Indexes
Functionally, Dolt and MySQL indexes are equivalent.
Interaction with Dolt Version Control
Dolt indexes are versioned along with the core table they reference. Practically, this means querying a historical version is as fast as querying the current version because the index is intact for the historical version.
Dolt will merge indexes as part of a Dolt merge. This can be used to offload index creation to a branch or offline clone.
Example
mysql> create index index1 on complex(c1);
mysql> show create table complex;
+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table   | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         |
+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| complex | CREATE TABLE `complex` (
  `pk1` int NOT NULL,
  `pk2` varchar(47) NOT NULL,
  `c1` tinyint NOT NULL,
  `c2` datetime,
  `c3` json,
  `c4` blob,
  PRIMARY KEY (`pk1`,`pk2`),
  KEY `index1` (`c1`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_bin |
+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

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